Introduction Empowering individuals Working together Operating sustainably Governance and engagement Appendix 2023 Environmental Repo爀琀 products and data center equipment. We collect worksites by private vehicle, public transit, motorcycle, Category 12: “End-of-life treatment of sold products” Emissions reductions and consumer products and data center equipment and gas-powered scooter commuting trips. To determine includes GHG emissions associated with the end-of-life compensations transpo爀琀ation emissions from our logistics providers. the number of commuting trips by mode made in 2022, we treatment of all of Google’s 昀氀agship consumer hardware These well-to-wheel (WTW) GHG emissions are surveyed our employees to determine typical commuting products sold in 2022. End-of-life impact was calculated We calculate our total operational emissions by summing calculated based on fuel use or weight-distance data pa琀琀erns and applied these commuting pa琀琀erns to our through our LCA process using emission factors from Scope 1, Scope 2 (market-based), Scope 3 (Category and routing associated with a shipment. Where logistics global employee population. The calculation uses an the 2022 Sphera LCA for Expe爀琀s database. Our initial 6: Business travel), and Scope 3 (Category 7: Employee provider emissions data isn’t available, we use weight average commuting distance for passenger vehicles assessments identify this category to be one that doesn’t commuting, including teleworking), per the criteria and distance data by shipment collected from the obtained from the U.S. Depa爀琀ment of Transpo爀琀ation’s have signi昀椀cant life-cycle impact. We continue to develop described above. This market-based subtotal has been providers to estimate WTW emissions, using emissions 2017 National Household Travel Survey and an average fuel programs to extend the life of our sold products and also reduced by the impact of renewable energy procurement factors from the 2019 Global Logistics Emissions Council e昀케ciency for passenger vehicles obtained from the U.S. to ensure e昀케cient management of end-of-life materials. via PPAs and market-based emission factors. (GLEC) framework. Where logistics provider data isn’t Depa爀琀ment of Transpo爀琀ation’s Transpo爀琀ation Statistics In our Environmental data tables, emissions from end-of- available, emissions are estimated based on repo爀琀ed Table 4–23. Data obtained from our value chain pa爀琀ners life treatment of sold products are presented in “Other Our operational emissions are then fu爀琀her compensated data from other transpo爀琀ation providers and the number isn’t used at this time. Emissions are calculated using categories.” for by high-quality carbon credits enabled through of units shipped. For warehousing emissions, we collect 2022 DEFRA U.K. Government GHG Conversion Factors contracted carbon o昀昀set projects, which capture and energy data directly from the warehouses and estimate for passenger vehicles. This category also includes In 2022, we revised our methodology to calculate destroy highly potent GHGs. A carbon o昀昀set project is emissions using LCA electricity and fuel factors from teleworking emissions, which we began to estimate and emissions related to our consumer hardware an activity that reduces GHG emissions or captures GHG the 2022 Sphera LCA for Expe爀琀s database. Where repo爀琀 in 2020, when teleworking became prevalent due manufacturing, as we updated from a spend-based emissions from the atmosphere, ultimately represented warehouse energy data isn’t available, we estimate using to the global pandemic. Teleworking represents emissions methodology to a Life Cycle Assessment-based by a carbon credit. The carbon credit signi昀椀es that the 2018 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption generated by employees working remotely from their methodology. We also made improvements to the quality GHG emissions are lower than if no one had invested Survey (CBECS) data and the warehouse square footage homes. We apply the estimation methodology outlined in of data used in estimating our emissions associated in the project. One carbon credit equals one metric ton allocated to Alphabet. EcoAct’s 2020 Homeworking Emissions white paper to our with manufacturing our data center hardware, as well of carbon dioxide equivalent prevented from entering annual average workforce in 2022. as the LCAs and LCA emission factors used to calculate Category 6: “Business travel” includes emissions from emissions related to data center construction. We didn’t the atmosphere. We assess these projects against four standards before investing: additionality, leakage air, rail, and car rental travel. Distance and fuel-based Category 11: “Use of sold products” includes emissions recalculate prior year Scope 3 GHG emissions to re昀氀ect prevention, permanence, and veri昀椀ability. travel data is collected through our online booking system generated by all of Google’s 昀氀agship consumer hardware these changes. or through a third-pa爀琀y travel agency for all sources. products sold in 2022. Flagship consumer hardware We primarily enter into long-term purchase agreements Data obtained from our value chain pa爀琀ners isn’t used at products are products that can provide their main Biogenic emissions with carbon credit suppliers to secure future deliveries. this time. Emissions are calculated using 2022 DEFRA U.K. functionality without connection to another product. For Once carbon credits from a project under contract Government GHG Conversion Factors for air travel, the example, this doesn’t include accessories, such as cases. In accordance with the Greenhouse Gas Protocol, are veri昀椀ed by a third-pa爀琀y and issued by a carbon 2017 WRI/WBCSD GHG Protocol Emission Factors from Use impact was calculated using laboratory power draw biogenic emissions are repo爀琀ed separately from registry, per the agreement terms, ownership of the Cross Sector Tools for rail travel, and the 2023 EPA Center measurements, data on use pa琀琀erns, common industry other Scope 1 GHG emissions. These CO emissions 2 carbon credits is transferred from the project owner to for Corporate Climate Leadership GHG Emission Factors assumptions on product lifetimes, and LCA electricity are generated from our operated vehicles consuming Google. Our carbon credits are veri昀椀ed under the Climate Hub for car rental travel. emission factors from the 2022 Sphera LCA for Expe爀琀s biofuels. Biogenic emissions are calculated using emission Action Reserve (CAR), American Carbon Registry (ACR), database. In our Environmental data tables, emissions factors from the 2023 EPA Center for Corporate Climate Category 7: “Employee commuting, including from use of sold products are presented in “Other Veri昀椀ed Carbon Standard (VCS), or the UNFCCC Clean Leadership GHG Emission Factors Hub. teleworking” includes emissions from the transpo爀琀 of categories.” Development Mechanism. our full-time employees between their homes and their 88