Executive le琀琀ers Our sustainability strategy Targets and progress summary Emerging oppo爀琀unities Awards and recognition Appendix 2023 Environmental Repo爀琀: Executive Summary Appendix Disclaimers Endnotes another. Similarly, emissions reductions in one area can sometimes lead 12 For products launched in 2022: Pixel, Nest, and Chromecast devices are 1 Throughout this report, we use the term “sustainability” to refer to Forward-looking information to increases in another. These are difficult effects to control for, but they made with recycled materials ranging between 9% and 60% based on environmental sustainability. must be considered when estimating enabled emissions reductions. respective product weights. 2 Our partners include governments and intergovernmental organizations; References to information in this report should not be construed as a 13 Unique, signed-in Google users that were provided information to make a customers and commercial partners; and researchers, academics, and Inherent uncertainty: Uncertainty is inherent to most GHG accounting characterization regarding the materiality of such information to our financial more sustainable choice by at least one sustainable product feature. non-governmental organizations. results or our operations. While certain matters discussed in this report may be methodologies and results, and it increases when considering enabled 14 Due to a methodology change, we’re not reporting a percent progress 3 Google uses a high-quality ML prediction model to estimate the significant, any significance should not be read as necessarily rising to the level expected fuel or energy consumption for each route option when users towards this target and have instead provided our total GHG emissions emissions reductions due to a lack of primary data and precise information of materiality used for the purposes of complying with applicable securities laws about real-world actions and their effects. However, understanding (Scope 1, 2 (market-based), and 3) in 2022. request driving directions. We identify the route that we predict will and regulations. The information in this report may contain projections, future the sources, types, and magnitude of uncertainty is crucial to deploy 15 In 2022, we expanded our carbon-free energy reporting from only consume the least amount of fuel or energy. If this route isn’t already estimates, plans, expectations, goals, and other forward-looking statements. the fastest one and it offers meaningful energy and fuel savings with Google-owned and -operated data centers to also incorporate offices and conservative estimates, inform improved data inputs, and properly Forward-looking statements are based on current expectations and assumptions interpret results. third-party data centers. The 2022 CFE number represents a 2% change only a small increase in driving time, we recommend it to the user. To that are subject to certain risks and uncertainties, which could cause our from 2021 (66% CFE), as a result of including third-party data centers. calculate enabled emissions reductions, we tally the fuel usage from actual results to differ materially from those reflected in the forward-looking 16 the chosen fuel-efficient routes and subtract it from the predicted fuel Based on Google Trends data as of December 2022, when comparing statements. Except as required by law, we undertake no obligation to correct, consumption that would have occurred on the fastest route without global Google Search interest since 2004. revise, or update any information included in this report. 17 See endnote 3 above. eco-friendly routing and apply adjustments for factors such as: CO2e 18 See endnote 9 above. factors, fleet factors, well-to-wheels factors, and powertrain mismatch 19 See endnote 10 above. factors. We then input the estimated prevented emissions into the EPA’s 20 See endnote 11 above. Greenhouse Gas Equivalencies Calculator to calculate equivalent cars 21 Based on Google’s analysis of traffic patterns before and after off the road for a year. The 2022 figure covers estimated emissions Data measurement and unce爀琀ainty recommended adjustments to traffic signals that were implemented prevented after eco-friendly routing was launched, from October 2021 during tests conducted in 2022. through December 2022. Enabled emissions reductions estimates include 22 According to Google’s own analysis of our more efficient servers, power inherent uncertainty due to factors that include the lack of primary data All reported values represent the best available data at the time of publication. infrastructure, and cooling systems, compared with data center industry and precise information about real-world actions and their effects. These Where actual data was not available, we may use estimates. We base our averages. factors contribute to a range of possible outcomes, within which we report estimates and methodologies on historical experience, available information, and 23 According to Google’s platform-neutral measurement for central a central value. on various other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable. All environmental 4 This estimated spend is based on contracts signed to purchase clean processing unit (CPU) resources analyzed over a five-year period. data found in this report is subject to measurement uncertainties resulting 24 For more information on how we’re reducing the environmental footprint energy for our operations. Actual spend may vary from these estimates from limitations inherent in the nature and the methods used for determining based on changes in renewable electricity output from operational of our operations, see the Operating sustainably section. such data. The selection of different but acceptable measurement techniques 25 “Japan’s Greenhouse Gas Emissions Rose 2% in FY21/22 as Economy projects, the number of contracts signed, and energy market prices. can result in materially different measurements. The precision of different Recovered,” Reuters, April 2023. 5 Based on Google Trends data as of December 2022, when comparing measurement techniques may also vary. 26 Additional approaches and challenges include: global Google Search interest since 2004. 6 “CO2 and Greenhouse Gas Emissions,” OurWorldInData.org, 2020. 7 “Transport: Improving the Sustainability of Passenger and Freight Consider carbon accounting principles: Established carbon accounting Transport,” IEA, 2022. principles (such as well-defined baselines and true and fair representation of data) provide helpful insights as we develop estimation methodologies Photo details 8 See endnote 3 above. for enabled emissions reductions. 9 Estimated energy savings are calculated based on the typical percentage of heating and cooling savings found in real-world studies of the Nest Learning On the cover: Quantify and evaluate real world action: The data available to us from our Thermostat. To calculate the total Nest savings, we apply these savings Google Ea爀琀h image of Soalala, Madagascar ©2015 DigitalGlobe technology, products, or services may be several steps removed from percentages to the actual heating and cooling hours of all Nest thermostats. actual, real-world action and impact that resulted in reduced or avoided 10 “Portugal - Countries & Regions,” IEA. 2021. Table of contents: emissions. We’ll have to use inference and judgment to evaluate the effect 11 The enabled emissions reductions are calculated based on these energy of those actions. No爀琀her O昀昀shore wind farm in Belgium (92 MW for Google) savings, applying standard emission factors for fossil fuels, and using U.S. EPA AVERT marginal emissions for the 95% of electricity savings that occur A le琀琀er from our Chief Sustainability O昀케cer: Unintended impacts: Emissions reduction efforts don’t happen in isolation. in the U.S., with an adjusted value for the 5% of electricity savings outside Actions in one industry or sector might result in net new emissions in Photo by Vaughn Ridley/Spo爀琀s昀椀le for Web Summit via Ge琀琀y Images the U.S. 14