Introduction Empowering individuals Working together Operating sustainably Governance and engagement Appendix 2023 Environmental Repo爀琀 Renewable energy Advancing carbon-free energy procurement Our primary approach for reducing our Scope 2 emissions We’re working to achieve 24/7 CFE through three main We buy electricity directly from new wind and solar farms  83 is through the procurement of carbon-free energy. Since initiatives: purchasing carbon-free energy, accelerating via long-term PPAs on the grids where we operate, and we 2017, we’ve matched 100% of the electricity consumption of new and improved technologies, and transforming the also buy renewable power through utilities via renewable our global operations with purchases of renewable energy energy system through pa爀琀nerships and advocacy. energy purchasing models that we helped create.  84 on an annual basis. From 2010 to 2022, we signed more than 80 agreements However, because of di昀昀erences in the availability of Purchasing totaling approximately 10 GW of clean energy renewable energy sources like solar and wind across the carbon-free energy generation capacity—the equivalent of more than regions where we operate—and because of the variable 31 million solar panels. Through these agreements, we supply of these resources—we still need to rely on estimate we’ll spend approximately $10 billion to purchase Achieving 24/7 CFE is far more complex and technically  86 carbon-emi琀琀ing energy sources that power local grids clean energy through 2040. challenging than annually matching our energy use with (see Figure 15). That’s why, in 2020, we set a goal to run on renewable energy purchases. No company of our size 24/7 carbon-free energy on every grid where we operate In 2022, we signed contracts for approximately 2.8 GW has achieved 24/7 CFE before, and there’s no playbook by 2030, aiming to procure clean energy to meet our of clean energy capacity—more than in any prior year. for making it happen. But we see our e昀昀o爀琀s as pa爀琀 of a electricity needs, every hour of every day, within every This included two new projects in the U.K. and Spain, our bigger picture, and we’ve set this ambitious goal to help grid where we operate. Achieving this will also increase 昀椀rst in each country, that will help our Cloud regions and scale new, global solutions. We’re excited to see others—like the impact of our clean energy procurement on the o昀케ces move closer to 24/7 CFE. the U.S. federal government—set similar goals as well.  85 decarbonization of the grids that serve us. FIGURE 15 2022 HIGHLIGHT Hourly carbon-free energy pe爀昀ormance at an example data center Legend While Google buys large amounts of wind and solar power (symbolized by green spikes From 2010 to 2022, we signed Gaps in carbon-free energy below), these resources are variable, meaning that our data centers still sometimes rely Carbon-free energy supply on carbon-based resources. more than 80 agreements totaling approximately 10 GW of clean energy January 1 December 31 generation capacity. Through these agreements, we estimate we’ll spend approximately $10 billion to purchase  87 clean energy globally through 2040. Data center electricity demand Maevaara wind farm in Sweden (105 MW for Google) 41