Executive Summary

Environmental Repo爀琀 2023 Executive Summary

Executive le琀琀ers Our sustainability strategy Targets and progress summary Emerging oppo爀琀unities Awards and recognition Appendix 2023 Environmental Repo爀琀: Executive Summary Table of contents Executive le琀琀ers 3 Awards and recognition 13 What’s Our sustainability strategy 5 Appendix 14 inside Empowering individuals 6 Working together 7 Operating sustainably 8 About the 2023 Environmental REPORT RESOURCES Repo爀琀: Executive Summary • Full 2023 Environmental Repo爀琀 This executive summary is an abridged version of • 2023 Environmental data tables Targets and progress summary 9 our 2023 Environmental Repo爀琀. ADDITIONAL RESOURCES Google’s 2023 Environmental Repo爀琀 provides an • Sustainability.google overview of our environmental sustainability strategy Emerging oppo爀琀unities 10 • Sustainability repo爀琀s  1 and targets and our annual progress towards them. This repo爀琀 features data, pe爀昀ormance highlights, • Sustainability blog AI for sustainability 10 and progress against our targets from our 2022 昀椀scal • Our commitments year (January 1 to December 31, 2022). It also mentions Our gigaton aspiration 12 some notable achievements from the 昀椀rst half of 2023. • Alphabet environmental, social, and governance (ESG) • About Google 2

Executive le琀琀ers Our sustainability strategy Targets and progress summary Emerging oppo爀琀unities Awards and recognition Appendix 2023 Environmental Repo爀琀: Executive Summary data centers is di昀케cult. Despite this, we remain focused on Executive le琀琀ers developing new ways to make AI computing more e昀케cient By making information accessible and while leveraging the oppo爀琀unities that AI presents to have a positive environmental impact. accelerating innovation, we can help A le琀琀er from our Senior Vice President create a more sustainable future. Beyond our own footprint, Google’s founding mission— of Learning and Sustainability “Organize the world’s information and make it universally accessible and useful”—can play a very impo爀琀ant role in more extreme weather (昀氀ood forecasting, for instance), accelerating progress in climate information and action. I was introduced to the problem of climate change in the late A sustainable future will be built upon billions of decisions optimizing systems from tra昀케c lights to car routes, and 1980s through a prescient class I took as an undergraduate. mitigating climate change in new ways, for example. made by governments, organizations, and individuals, The models were less sophisticated and more unce爀琀ain than which will need to be grounded in good information. they are today, but the implications were already worrying. In our 2023 Environmental Repo爀琀, we’re highlighting how Increasingly, we see through Google Trends that more Thi爀琀y years later much has changed. The threat is now these themes of information and innovation run through and more people are looking for ways to live sustainably. more immediate, but the world is also taking action—from much of our work: governmental policy and technology innovation to actions I believe that we have many strengths and capabilities in providing quality information that people are seeking to by individuals and organizations—driven by a broader For information, we’ll feature Google Trends make decisions that’ll drive positive action for our planet. awareness of the danger. insights alongside key initiatives to show how our work is informed by societal trends Helpful information can be critical in both e昀昀o爀琀s to reduce I worked on Search for 20 years, leading the product for and expectations. emissions as well as adapt to extreme climate events like many of those, and learned a lot about the unique impact And for innovation, we’ll call out the many 昀氀oods, wild昀椀res, and heat waves. But this information o昀琀en Google can have on the world. I’ve always been proud places where AI is helping to break down of Google’s leadership in pushing the boundaries of lives in silos and is hard to access. Making the information barriers and advance our work. accessible and useful can be a tough technical challenge. sustainability in our data centers, including achieving carbon Our products like Environmental Insights Explorer, Ea爀琀h neutrality in 2007 (at the time, such accomplishments were Over my tenure at Google, I’ve seen how we’ve been Engine, and Data Commons are key solutions to suppo爀琀 uncommon). Going fu爀琀her, we’ve matched 100% of our global electricity use with renewable energy purchases for the decisions that cities and organizations will have to working to integrate sustainability into our work. This transition is going to be challenging—both for us and for make. Information can also have a signi昀椀cant impact the last six years—a goal that seemed almost crazy when the world at large—and there’s no playbook for making on the decisions of individuals—pa爀琀icularly in the areas we set it in 2012. it happen. But we see our e昀昀o爀琀s as pa爀琀 of a bigger of home energy and transpo爀琀ation. Our products like Today our ambitions have evolved—we now have a bold picture, se琀琀ing our goals to help scale global solutions, Maps, Search, and Nest reach billions of users around the goal to achieve net-zero emissions across all of our and I’m optimistic that we can, through our e昀昀o爀琀s in both world, and we’re building many features to respond to the information and innovation, play a helpful role in building a operations and value chain, and as pa爀琀 of that goal, to demand for that information in our products. run on 24/7 carbon-free energy on every grid where we more sustainable and resilient future. Given the scale of the problem, innovation will also be operate. The path to get to these goals is di昀케cult, and we’re commi琀琀ed to working through the challenges we face with key to ge琀琀ing us to a be琀琀er future. In order to push the Benedict Gomes the ultimate aim of driving larger systems change to create frontiers of innovation, Google has long had a world-class Benedict Gomes research organization that’s been at the forefront of AI and a more sustainable future. Fu爀琀her, predicting the future SVP, Learning & Sustainability machine learning. These solutions can help in predicting growth of energy use and emissions from AI compute in our Google 3

Executive le琀琀ers Our sustainability strategy Targets and progress summary Emerging oppo爀琀unities Awards and recognition Appendix 2023 Environmental Repo爀琀: Executive Summary A le琀琀er from our Chief Sustainability O昀케cer sustainability strategy, which focuses on where we can make the most signi昀椀cant positive impact. Our work In 2022, we signed contracts for is organized around three key pillars: empowering I grew up in Muir Beach, California, and was fo爀琀unate individuals to take action, working together with approximately 2.8 GW of clean energy to spend my childhood exploring its beautiful redwood our pa爀琀ners and customers, and operating our generation capacity—more than in forests and vibrant tidepools with my family. Today, I’m business sustainably. any prior year. raising my daughter in these same special places, but now these delicate ecosystems are threatened, just like many In 2022, we reached our goal to help 1 billion people other pa爀琀s of the world. make more sustainable choices through our products. We achieved this by o昀昀ering sustainability features like Climate change a昀昀ects all aspects of society, from food eco-friendly routing in Google Maps, energy e昀케ciency • We opened our new Bay View campus, which is production and human health to infrastructure and the features in Google Nest thermostats, and carbon all-electric, net water-positive, restores over 17 acres economy. These impacts are interconnected and can have emissions information in Google Flights. Looking ahead, of high-value nature, and incorporates the leading a cascading e昀昀ect on people and the planet. The response our aspiration is to help individuals, cities, and other principles of circular design. calls for systemic, global action to reduce emissions, pa爀琀ners collectively reduce 1 gigaton of their carbon • We signed 20 more renewable energy agreements, improve watershed health, maximize the reuse of 昀椀nite  2 equivalent emissions annually by 2030. bringing our total to more than 80 agreements resources, and protect biodiversity. totaling approximately 10 GW of clean energy A昀琀er two years of condensed repo爀琀ing, we’re sharing a generation capacity—we estimate we’ll spend Since Google was founded, our e昀昀o爀琀s to mitigate climate deeper dive into our approach in one place in our 2023 approximately $10 billion to purchase clean energy change have sta爀琀ed with our own operations, and we’ve Environmental Repo爀琀. In 2022, we continued to make  4 through 2040. worked hard to lead by example with the ultimate goal measurable progress in many key ways, such as: of driving larger systemic change. In our third decade We expect this new era of technological innovation to of climate action, we’ll continue to take a science-based • We enhanced and launched new sustainability open up even greater oppo爀琀unities to accelerate system- approach to our e昀昀o爀琀s, while sharing our own lessons product features, such as eco-friendly routing in level change. It’s a big pa爀琀 of the reason we’re optimistic and progress with others. Maps, which is estimated to have helped prevent about what’s possible in the years ahead. If we move more than 1.2 million metric tons of carbon emissions forward collectively and decisively, there’s no limit to I joined Google eight years ago to lead our sustainability from launch through 2022—equivalent to taking what we can achieve. e昀昀o爀琀s, and have witnessed our sense of urgency and approximately 250,000 fuel-based cars o昀昀 the road ambition 昀椀rsthand. We’re empowering individuals,  3 for a year. Kate E. Brandt governments, businesses, and other organizations to • We expanded the availability of Google Ea爀琀h make decisions that can drive positive action for people Kate E. Brandt Engine—which provides access to reliable, up-to- and our planet. Chief Sustainability O昀케cer date insights on how our planet is changing—to Google include businesses and governments worldwide as an The oppo爀琀unity we have through our products and enterprise-grade service through Google Cloud. pla琀昀orms is re昀氀ected in our updated environmental 4

Executive le琀琀ers Our sustainability strategy Targets and progress summary Emerging oppo爀琀unities Awards and recognition Appendix 2023 Environmental Repo爀琀: Executive Summary Our sustainability Information and innovation We’re helping to lead the transition to a more sustainable future by making information accessible and by driving innovation forward. strategy We believe Google has a unique oppo爀琀unity that extends beyond managing the environmental impacts of our own operations and value chain. Empowering individuals Working together with our Operating our to take action pa爀琀ners and customers business sustainably By making information accessible and by driving innovation forward through our products and pla琀昀orms that billions of people engage with every day, we’re helping individuals, businesses, and other organizations We’re empowering people with the We’re helping pa爀琀ners and customers We’re building on our legacy of make decisions that can drive positive action for people information they’re seeking to help to reduce their emissions and achieve sustainability leadership by accelerating and our planet. In shaping our strategy, we consider make more sustainable choices in their sustainability goals by advancing the transition to a net-zero carbon future, where we can make the most signi昀椀cant positive impact. Our work is focused on three key pillars: everyday lives. transformative technology for advancing water stewardship, building a empowering individuals to take action, working together sustainability and climate action. circular economy, and protecting nature with our pa爀琀ners and customers, and operating our and biodiversity. business sustainably. Learn more in the Learn more in the Learn more in the Empowering individuals section Working together section Operating sustainably section 5

Executive le琀琀ers Our sustainability strategy Targets and progress summary Emerging oppo爀琀unities Awards and recognition Appendix 2023 Environmental Repo爀琀: Executive Summary Every day, billions of people turn to Google taken a 昀椀rst-principles approach, looking at what’s suggestions in the Shopping tab can help narrow their to ask questions, discover something new, contributing the most to global emissions. Home energy search to cost-e昀昀ective and e昀케cient options. or learn about what’s impo爀琀ant to them. and transpo爀琀ation are two such areas—collectively  6 More people are interested in how to live they account for more than 20% of emissions. They’re Transpo爀琀ation relies more heavily on fossil fuels than any  7 also sectors where people are actively searching for other sector. This is why, for people in most high-income more sustainably than ever, and our aim is sustainable alternatives that o昀琀en provide bene昀椀ts like countries, changing travel pa琀琀erns is a high-impact way to make it easier for them to do so. saving them money or time, or improving their health. to reduce their footprint. We’ve added several features Empowering across our products—like eco-friendly routing in Google In 2022, searches for “solar energy,” To that end, we’ve launched a number of products and Maps and the “Less emissions 昀椀lter” on Google Flights—to “electric bicycles,” and “electric cars” reached features to help people make more informed choices allow people to more easily make sustainable travel and individuals  5 all-time highs. about the products they buy and the energy they use. transpo爀琀ation decisions. For example, Nest Renew is helping people prioritize To tackle a problem at the scale of climate change, it cleaner energy usage, and when someone uses Google can be hard to know where to sta爀琀. That’s why we’ve Search in the U.S. to look for furnaces or water heaters, HIGHLIGHTS 1 billion users Our core products helped more than 1 billion users make more sustainable choices in 2022 1.2 million metric tons of estimated carbon emissions reductions enabled by Google Maps eco-friendly routing as of the end of 2022—equivalent to taking approximately 250,000  8 fuel-based cars o昀昀 the road for a year 113 billion kWh of energy cumulatively saved by customers using  9 Nest thermostats from 2011 to 2022 —more than double  10 Po爀琀ugal’s annual electricity consumption and equivalent  11 to preventing an estimated 36 million tCO e emissions 2 99% of itineraries on Google Flights included carbon emissions estimates Eco-friendly routing in Google Maps helps users get to their destinations as quickly as possible while minimizing fuel or ba琀琀ery consumption. 6

Executive le琀琀ers Our sustainability strategy Targets and progress summary Emerging oppo爀琀unities Awards and recognition Appendix 2023 Environmental Repo爀琀: Executive Summary By combining Google’s suite of unique Google has made deep investments over nearly two technologies in a more sustainable way, by monitoring and capabilities in data, geospatial analytics, decades in geospatial technology and pla琀昀orms such optimizing cloud-related emissions, and choosing cleaner cloud computing, and AI, we’re enabling as Google Maps and Google Ea爀琀h. Google Ea爀琀h Engine regions in which to run their workloads. is a leading technology pla琀昀orm for planetary-scale our pa爀琀ners and customers to advance environmental monitoring that was launched in 2010 As an AI-昀椀rst company, we’ve established a track record sustainability goals. Working for scientists and NGOs. In 2022, it was expanded for of applying AI to some of the most signi昀椀cant challenges commercial use by businesses and governments as facing humanity, such as environmental degradation To e昀昀ectively mitigate and adapt to climate change and together an enterprise-grade service through Google Cloud. and climate change, and we see exciting oppo爀琀unities protect ecosystems, organizations need a data-driven Researchers from academic institutions, NGOs, and for fu爀琀her impact. AI is embedded into many of our understanding of their impacts. Currently, much of this intergovernmental organizations have leveraged and sustainability initiatives—including detecting and forecasting data is fragmented across thousands of silos and a built upon our tools for a wide variety of use cases 昀氀oods and wild昀椀res, helping people and cities adapt to multitude of databases. To help solve this problem, we’ve from measuring habitat ranges to protecting forest and extreme heat, and protecting critical species habitat. HIGHLIGHTS curated a large catalog of Ea爀琀h observation datasets, ocean ecosystems. which are available in the Ea爀琀h Engine Data Catalog. We created Environmental Insights Explorer, which empowers 40,000+ cities Google Cloud is helping to transform a number of carbon- thousands of cities and regions with actionable data and Environmental Insights Explorer made actionable emi琀琀ing sectors, such as energy, transpo爀琀ation, and climate data available to more than 40,000 cities and insights to reduce global emissions. More recently, we agriculture. We’ve made signi昀椀cant investments in cleaner also built Data Commons, an open-source tool to organize provided Tree Canopy Insights to more than 350 cities cloud computing by making our data centers among the hundreds of public sustainability datasets into a single, most e昀케cient in the world and sourcing more carbon-free accessible resource. energy. This enables others to expand their use of digital 400 sta爀琀ups suppo爀琀ed by our Sta爀琀ups for Sustainable Development program in over 60 countries, and global researchers, academics, and NGOs suppo爀琀ed with climate- and nature-related data and analytics 80 countries are included in our Flood Hub pla琀昀orm, covering 460 million people globally, and real-time wild昀椀re boundaries in Search and Maps are available in cities around the world 100s of sources of sustainability data, from most OECD countries, aggregated by Data Commons—making data more accessible and useful for addressing sustainability challenges The Google.org Impact Challenge on Climate Innovation suppo爀琀s breakthrough projects that use data and technology to accelerate climate action. 7

Executive le琀琀ers Our sustainability strategy Targets and progress summary Emerging oppo爀琀unities Awards and recognition Appendix 2023 Environmental Repo爀琀: Executive Summary We aim to: There’s a shared recognition that unless we act urgently, Our work on sustainability sta爀琀ed with our own operations, and we’ve worked hard nobody will be immune from the impacts of climate to lead by example, with the ultimate goal • Achieve net-zero emissions across all of our change, biodiversity loss, or water scarcity in the of driving larger systems change. We set operations and value chain, and, as pa爀琀 of that goal, decades ahead, and that the worst consequences will to run on 24/7 carbon-free energy on every grid impact those who are already most vulnerable. ambitious sustainability goals. We share the where we operate. innovations we create and the lessons we Our role is to combine a sense of optimism and Operating learn with others, so we can help accelerate • Replenish more water than we consume and help ambition with the power of information and innovation improve water quality and ecosystem health in the the global transition to a low-carbon and to accelerate system-level change. It’s a big pa爀琀 of the communities where we operate. reason we’re optimistic about what’s possible in the years sustainably sustainable future. • Maximize the reuse of 昀椀nite resources across our ahead. If we move forward decisively, balancing boldness operations, products, and supply chains. and responsibility, there’s no limit to what we can achieve. We’re working to drive sustainability across our operations in four key ways: accelerating the transition to a net-zero • Protect and enhance nature and biodiversity carbon future, advancing water stewardship, building a through our campuses and technology. circular economy, and protecting nature and biodiversity. HIGHLIGHTS 10+ GW of clean energy generation capacity from more than 80 signed agreements from 2010 to 2022—the equivalent capacity of more than 31 million solar panels 271 million gallons of water replenished as of the end of 2022—equivalent to more than 400 Olympic-sized swimming pools 100% of Pixel, Nest, and Chromecast devices launched  12 in 2022 include recycled materials 44 acres of native habitat restored on our Bay Area campuses as of the end of 2022 A view of our Bay View campus with the events center in the foreground and a Google brandmark sculpture. (Photo: Iwan Baan) 8

Executive le琀琀ers Our sustainability strategy Targets and progress summary Emerging oppo爀琀unities Awards and recognition Appendix 2023 Environmental Repo爀琀: Executive Summary Targets and progress summary Topic Target Unit 2021 2022 Target year Status Pr Help 1 billion people make more sustainable choices through our More than 2022 Achieved oducts Users N/A Product impact  13 1 billion products by 2022 Achieve net-zero emissions across all of our operations and value chain by 2030 Net-zero Carbon Reduce 50% of our combined Scope 1, 2 (market-based),  14 reduction and 3 absolute emissions (versus our 2019 baseline) before 2030 tCO2e emissions N/A 10.2 million before 2030 Ongoing carbon Carbon-free  15 energy Run on 24/7 carbon-free energy on every grid where we operate by 2030 % carbon-free energy 66% 64% 2030 Ongoing Replenish more water than we consume and help improve water quality and ecosystem health in the communities where we operate Water stewa rdship Water Replenish 120% of the freshwater volume we consume, % freshwater replenishment on average, across our o昀케ces and data centers by 2030 replenished N/A 6% 2030 Ongoing Operational Maximize the reuse of 昀椀nite resources across our operations, products, and supply chains targets Data Achieve Zero Waste to Land昀椀ll for our global data center operations % of data centers at 30% 38% N/A Ongoing centers Zero Waste to Land昀椀ll O昀케ces Dive爀琀 all food waste from land昀椀ll by 2025 % food waste dive爀琀ed N/A 85% 2025 Ongoing Circular Use recycled or renewable material in at least 50% of plastic used across % recycled/ economy our consumer hardware product po爀琀folio by 2025 renewable material 36% 41% 2025 Ongoing Consumer hardware products % plastic-free Make product packaging 100% plastic-free by 2025 97% 96% 2025 Ongoing packaging Supply chain Achieve UL 2799 Zero Waste to Land昀椀ll ce爀琀i昀椀cation at all 昀椀nal % of sites ce爀琀i昀椀ed 9% 90% 2022 Signi昀椀cant assembly consumer hardware manufacturing sites by 2022 progress 9

Executive le琀琀ers Our sustainability strategy Targets and progress summary Emerging oppo爀琀unities Awards and recognition Appendix 2023 Environmental Repo爀琀: Executive Summary Emerging oppo爀琀unities As the world becomes increasingly aware of the need for sustainability, individuals, businesses, and communities are looking for new ways to reduce their environmental impact. A爀琀i昀椀cial intelligence (AI) and the power of information to help individuals and organizations reduce emissions are two emerging oppo爀琀unities that Google is focusing on to help build a more sustainable future. AI for sustainability Seven years into our journey as an AI-昀椀rst company, we’ve estimated carbon emissions since launch—equivalent to made AI foundational to every pa爀琀 of our business and taking approximately 250,000 fuel-based cars o昀昀 the Our planet, as seen via Google Ea爀琀h ©2020 Landsat / Copernicus  17 all Google products. Our approach to AI must be both road for a year. bold and responsible. To us, that means developing AI in a way that maximizes the positive bene昀椀ts to society while Additionally, for over a decade, our Nest Learning addressing the challenges, guided by our AI Principles. Thermostats have used machine learning (ML) to help people save energy and money at home. From 2011 We believe that AI is a foundational and transformational technology that will provide compelling and helpful We can use AI to help accelerate solutions to tackle to 2022, Nest thermostats have helped customers bene昀椀ts to people and society through its capacity to assist, complement, empower, and inspire people in climate change by providing be琀琀er information to cumulatively save more than 113 billion kWh of almost every 昀椀eld of human endeavor. It has the potential to contribute to tackling some of society’s most  18 individuals, operational optimization for organizations, energy —more than double Po爀琀ugal’s annual electricity pressing challenges and oppo爀琀unities—among these, climate and sustainability, where we’re researching  19 and improved prediction and forecasting. We must consumption and equivalent to avoiding an estimated and innovating to help unlock scienti昀椀c discoveries and to assist people in making informed choices and  20 also continue to 昀椀nd ways to reduce the environmental 36 million tCO e emissions. 2 communities impacted by climate change. footprint of AI models. Optimization: Bringing carbon-e昀케cient computing We believe that ge琀琀ing AI right—which to us involves innovating and delivering widely accessible bene昀椀ts to Information: Empowering people to live more to customers and pa爀琀ners. We’ve made signi昀椀cant people and society, while mitigating its risks—must be a collective e昀昀o爀琀 involving us and others, including sustainably through AI. In 2022, searches for investments in cleaner cloud computing by making our researchers, developers, users (individuals, businesses, and other organizations), governments, regulators, “solar energy,” “electric bicycles,” and data centers some of the most e昀케cient in the world and and citizens. It’s critical that we collectively earn public trust if AI is to deliver on its potential for people and  16 “electric cars” reached all-time highs. People are sourcing more carbon-free energy. We’re helping our society. As a company, we embrace the oppo爀琀unity to work with others to get AI right. interested in how to live more sustainably, and our goal customers make real-time decisions to reduce emissions, is to make it easier for them to do so. Features like eco- and mitigate climate risks with data and AI. For example, James Manyika friendly routing in Google Maps leverage AI to help people Google Cloud customers can reduce their cloud footprint SVP, Research, Technology, & Society get to their destinations as quickly as possible while with a feature called Active Assist, which uses machine Google minimizing fuel or ba琀琀ery consumption. Eco-friendly learning to identify unused (and potentially wasteful) routing has helped prevent 1.2 million metric tons of workloads that could reduce carbon emissions if removed. 10

Executive le琀琀ers Our sustainability strategy Targets and progress summary Emerging oppo爀琀unities Awards and recognition Appendix 2023 Environmental Repo爀琀: Executive Summary Flood Hub, which allows local governments and aid With AI at an in昀氀ection point, predicting the future growth We’re excited about the progress we’ve already made organizations to identify when a riverine 昀氀ood will occur, of energy use and emissions from AI compute in our data in developing more sustainable tools and products that up to seven days in advance. In early 2023, we expanded centers is challenging. Historically, research has shown harness the power of AI, and we’re optimistic about the We’re making advancements in many this tool from 20 to 80 countries across the globe. By using that as AI/ML compute demand has gone up, the energy progress we’ll unlock in the years ahead. transformative areas of AI, but I’m pa爀琀icularly AI to analyze satellite imagery, we’re also helping to enable needed to power this technology has increased at a much excited about AI for Social Good, including climate adaptation. AI has great potential to rapid detection when a wild昀椀re sta爀琀s and to predict how it slower rate than many forecasts predicted. We have will spread, enabling authorities to be琀琀er manage 昀椀res and used tested practices to reduce the carbon footprint of both reduce overall emissions as well as help us provide emergency ale爀琀s to individuals who are at risk. workloads by large margins; together these principles address the e昀昀ects of climate change, including have reduced the energy of training a model by up to AI is one of the most transformational helping people adapt to new challenges. Prediction: Using AI to predict locust outbreaks, 100x and emissions by up to 1,000x. We plan to continue technologies of our time. I believe it has helping farmers protect their crops. Locust infestations applying these tested practices and to keep developing the potential to unlock major bene昀椀ts for Je昀昀 Dean can have a devastating e昀昀ect on food crops. Through new ways to make AI computing more e昀케cient. us all, including tackling climate change. Chief Scientist collaborations with AI product-focused company At Google DeepMind, we’re commi琀琀ed to Google DeepMind and Google Research InstaDeep and the Food and Agriculture Organization Google data centers are designed, built, and operated to driving responsible research that can make (FAO) of the United Nations, the Google AI Center maximize e昀케ciency—even as computing demand grows. a positive and lasting impact on society. in Ghana is building a model that forecasts locust On average, a Google-owned and -operated data center I’m hopeful AI will accelerate scienti昀椀c breeding grounds using historical data from the FAO and is more than 1.5 times as energy e昀케cient as a typical progress and help us address a number of  22 Optimization: Helping communities with AI-powered environmental variables like rainfall and temperature. enterprise data center and, compared with 昀椀ve years global challenges to leave the world a be琀琀er climate action planning. Green Light is an AI-based tool This model will help to be琀琀er detect locust outbreaks and ago, we now deliver approximately three times as much place for the generations that follow. that helps city tra昀케c engineers optimize the timing of enable farmers to implement control measures. computing power with the same amount of electrical  23 light changes to reduce stop-and-go tra昀케c. Our recent power. To suppo爀琀 the next generation of fundamental Lila Ibrahim tests in Hamburg, Germany, showed that at tra昀케c lights Prediction: Using generative modeling for nowcasting advances in AI, our latest TPU v4 is proven to be one Chief Operating O昀케cer with our AI-driven recommendations, cars made over rain. We’re using generative modeling to make detailed of the fastest, most e昀케cient, and most sustainable ML Google DeepMind 25% fewer stops, resulting in approximately 10% fewer and plausible predictions, up to two hours ahead, that infrastructure hubs in the world.  21 emissions. The Environmental Insights Explorer (EIE) is capture the amount, timing, and location of rainfall. a freely available online tool built with and for cities and With such methods, we can both accurately capture regions to suppo爀琀 e昀昀ective climate action planning. large-scale events, while also generating alternative rain Many features in EIE are made possible through machine scenarios. We’re interested in the ability of these models learning, such as estimating the solar potential of roo昀琀ops, to make predictions on medium- to heavy-rain events, calculating transpo爀琀ation emissions, and mapping tree which most impact people and the economy. canopy coverage. Environmental footprint: Leveraging AI to optimize Prediction: Using AI to help communities address our own operations, and working to reduce energy use extreme weather events. AI-powered tools can help and emissions from AI computing in our data centers. address some of the worst impacts of climate-related AI and machine learning workloads are quickly becoming disasters, from early warnings of natural disasters to A row of servers in our larger and more capable, raising concerns about their St. Ghislain, Belgium, data center reducing the impact of wild昀椀res. In 2022, we launched energy use and their impact on the environment. 11

Executive le琀琀ers Our sustainability strategy Targets and progress summary Emerging oppo爀琀unities Awards and recognition Appendix 2023 Environmental Repo爀琀: Executive Summary Our gigaton aspiration We believe that Google has a unique oppo爀琀unity that extends beyond reducing the environmental impacts of our own  24 operations and value chain. In 2020, Google shared our aspiration to help others reduce 1 gigaton (GT) of their carbon equivalent emissions annually by 2030. This is an ambitious vision that we’ve set to push us to contribute meaningfully to helping with climate solutions beyond our own operations and value chain. We initially focused on helping cities and local governments reduce 1 GT of emissions. A key tool in this e昀昀o爀琀 is the Environmental Insights Explorer (EIE), which provides actionable climate and sustainability data to government o昀케cials in cities and regions worldwide. It’s been used in multiple ways across the globe, including by city leaders in Dublin to analyze bicycle usage and inform The Environmental Insights Explorer makes actionable climate data available to more than 40,000 cities and regions worldwide. sma爀琀 transpo爀琀ation policies, and by the city of Austin to prioritize planting trees in areas with the highest need. For context, 1 GT is comparable to the entire annual and to collaborate with others to drive systemic solutions. A昀琀er reviewing emerging best practices and applying our  25 emissions of Japan. Helping others to reduce 1 GT of We’ll share progress and learnings along the way. internal product measurement expe爀琀ise to advance our To be琀琀er re昀氀ect the broader group of pa爀琀ners we aim to carbon equivalent emissions per year, sta爀琀ing in 2030, measurement work, we’ve identi昀椀ed a set of approaches help, we’re updating our shared ambition: is a bold aspiration focused on where we can have the and known challenges that will inform how we estimate most impact—enabling others to reduce emissions in Estimating impact enabled emissions reductions. This includes concepts like key areas like energy and transpo爀琀ation. Our ultimate the impo爀琀ance of quantifying real-world actions and the ASPIRATION  26 measure of success will be how much we’ve helped inherent unce爀琀ainty of dealing with non-primary data . We aim to help individuals, cities, Estimating the carbon impact of actions taken by many individuals, cities, and other pa爀琀ners to achieve their millions of people, communities, and organizations will be and other pa爀琀ners collectively reduce own greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions reduction goals. While carbon accounting principles and these insights inherently di昀케cult, imprecise, and fundamentally di昀昀erent are a good sta爀琀 towards estimating enabled emissions 1 gigaton of their carbon equivalent from measuring a corporate carbon footprint. However, Many of the solutions to achieve a gigaton of carbon it’s also useful to enable us to prioritize the most helpful reductions, we expect that methodologies will rapidly emissions annually by 2030. emission reductions don’t yet exist. However this ambition evolve, and we welcome the oppo爀琀unity to collaborate solutions for others. pushes us to innovate and be audacious in our approach with others to advance best practices. 12

Executive le琀琀ers Our sustainability strategy Targets and progress summary Emerging oppo爀琀unities Awards and recognition Appendix 2023 Environmental Repo爀琀: Executive Summary Awards and recognition 2022 CDP Climate Change A List 2022 CDP Supplier Engagement Leader EPA Green Power Leadership Award (2022) Alphabet has been named to CDP’s Climate Change A list, Alphabet achieved an A-rating, making it onto CDP’s Supplier Google was recognized by the EPA for its exemplary use of demonstrating our continued commitment to transparency and Engagement Rating Leaderboard. green power and commitment to innovation and market guidance climate repo爀琀ing. Since 2014, Alphabet has been included on through leadership in the green power markets. CDP’s Climate Change A List eight times. ENERGY STAR Excellence Award 2021 FSC Leadership Award RE100 Changemaker Award (2021) in Product Design (2022) Google earned a 2021 leadership award from the Forest Stewardship Google won RE100’s Changemaker Award for our innovative 24/7 Council (FSC), which recognizes excellence that advances clean power strategy. In 2022, Google Nest won an ENERGY STAR Excellence Award in responsible forest management and conservation, for our e昀昀o爀琀s Product Design for the product’s best-in-class sma爀琀 technology, to incorporate FSC-ce爀琀i昀椀ed timber at our Bay View and Charleston enabling increased energy e昀케ciency. East o昀케ce campuses. Center for Resource Solution Green Power 2022 Carbon Clean200 2022 Corporate Knights’ 100 Most Leadership Award Winner (2021) Sustainable Companies Alphabet achieved a #2 ranking on the 2022 Carbon Clean200 list. Together, Google and M-RETS won a Green Power Leadership Award Alphabet was ranked #37 out of the world’s 100 most for Market Development for piloting their concept of time-based sustainable corporations. energy a琀琀ribute ce爀琀i昀椀cates at Google data centers. 13

Executive le琀琀ers Our sustainability strategy Targets and progress summary Emerging oppo爀琀unities Awards and recognition Appendix 2023 Environmental Repo爀琀: Executive Summary Appendix Disclaimers Endnotes another. Similarly, emissions reductions in one area can sometimes lead 12 For products launched in 2022: Pixel, Nest, and Chromecast devices are 1 Throughout this report, we use the term “sustainability” to refer to Forward-looking information to increases in another. These are difficult effects to control for, but they made with recycled materials ranging between 9% and 60% based on environmental sustainability. must be considered when estimating enabled emissions reductions. respective product weights. 2 Our partners include governments and intergovernmental organizations; References to information in this report should not be construed as a 13 Unique, signed-in Google users that were provided information to make a customers and commercial partners; and researchers, academics, and Inherent uncertainty: Uncertainty is inherent to most GHG accounting characterization regarding the materiality of such information to our financial more sustainable choice by at least one sustainable product feature. non-governmental organizations. results or our operations. While certain matters discussed in this report may be methodologies and results, and it increases when considering enabled 14 Due to a methodology change, we’re not reporting a percent progress 3 Google uses a high-quality ML prediction model to estimate the significant, any significance should not be read as necessarily rising to the level expected fuel or energy consumption for each route option when users towards this target and have instead provided our total GHG emissions emissions reductions due to a lack of primary data and precise information of materiality used for the purposes of complying with applicable securities laws about real-world actions and their effects. However, understanding (Scope 1, 2 (market-based), and 3) in 2022. request driving directions. We identify the route that we predict will and regulations. The information in this report may contain projections, future the sources, types, and magnitude of uncertainty is crucial to deploy 15 In 2022, we expanded our carbon-free energy reporting from only consume the least amount of fuel or energy. If this route isn’t already estimates, plans, expectations, goals, and other forward-looking statements. the fastest one and it offers meaningful energy and fuel savings with Google-owned and -operated data centers to also incorporate offices and conservative estimates, inform improved data inputs, and properly Forward-looking statements are based on current expectations and assumptions interpret results. third-party data centers. The 2022 CFE number represents a 2% change only a small increase in driving time, we recommend it to the user. To that are subject to certain risks and uncertainties, which could cause our from 2021 (66% CFE), as a result of including third-party data centers. calculate enabled emissions reductions, we tally the fuel usage from actual results to differ materially from those reflected in the forward-looking 16 the chosen fuel-efficient routes and subtract it from the predicted fuel Based on Google Trends data as of December 2022, when comparing statements. Except as required by law, we undertake no obligation to correct, consumption that would have occurred on the fastest route without global Google Search interest since 2004. revise, or update any information included in this report. 17 See endnote 3 above. eco-friendly routing and apply adjustments for factors such as: CO2e 18 See endnote 9 above. factors, fleet factors, well-to-wheels factors, and powertrain mismatch 19 See endnote 10 above. factors. We then input the estimated prevented emissions into the EPA’s 20 See endnote 11 above. Greenhouse Gas Equivalencies Calculator to calculate equivalent cars 21 Based on Google’s analysis of traffic patterns before and after off the road for a year. The 2022 figure covers estimated emissions Data measurement and unce爀琀ainty recommended adjustments to traffic signals that were implemented prevented after eco-friendly routing was launched, from October 2021 during tests conducted in 2022. through December 2022. Enabled emissions reductions estimates include 22 According to Google’s own analysis of our more efficient servers, power inherent uncertainty due to factors that include the lack of primary data All reported values represent the best available data at the time of publication. infrastructure, and cooling systems, compared with data center industry and precise information about real-world actions and their effects. These Where actual data was not available, we may use estimates. We base our averages. factors contribute to a range of possible outcomes, within which we report estimates and methodologies on historical experience, available information, and 23 According to Google’s platform-neutral measurement for central a central value. on various other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable. All environmental 4 This estimated spend is based on contracts signed to purchase clean processing unit (CPU) resources analyzed over a five-year period. data found in this report is subject to measurement uncertainties resulting 24 For more information on how we’re reducing the environmental footprint energy for our operations. Actual spend may vary from these estimates from limitations inherent in the nature and the methods used for determining based on changes in renewable electricity output from operational of our operations, see the Operating sustainably section. such data. The selection of different but acceptable measurement techniques 25 “Japan’s Greenhouse Gas Emissions Rose 2% in FY21/22 as Economy projects, the number of contracts signed, and energy market prices. can result in materially different measurements. The precision of different Recovered,” Reuters, April 2023. 5 Based on Google Trends data as of December 2022, when comparing measurement techniques may also vary. 26 Additional approaches and challenges include: global Google Search interest since 2004. 6 “CO2 and Greenhouse Gas Emissions,” OurWorldInData.org, 2020. 7 “Transport: Improving the Sustainability of Passenger and Freight Consider carbon accounting principles: Established carbon accounting Transport,” IEA, 2022. principles (such as well-defined baselines and true and fair representation of data) provide helpful insights as we develop estimation methodologies Photo details 8 See endnote 3 above. for enabled emissions reductions. 9 Estimated energy savings are calculated based on the typical percentage of heating and cooling savings found in real-world studies of the Nest Learning On the cover: Quantify and evaluate real world action: The data available to us from our Thermostat. To calculate the total Nest savings, we apply these savings Google Ea爀琀h image of Soalala, Madagascar ©2015 DigitalGlobe technology, products, or services may be several steps removed from percentages to the actual heating and cooling hours of all Nest thermostats. actual, real-world action and impact that resulted in reduced or avoided 10 “Portugal - Countries & Regions,” IEA. 2021. Table of contents: emissions. We’ll have to use inference and judgment to evaluate the effect 11 The enabled emissions reductions are calculated based on these energy of those actions. No爀琀her O昀昀shore wind farm in Belgium (92 MW for Google) savings, applying standard emission factors for fossil fuels, and using U.S. EPA AVERT marginal emissions for the 95% of electricity savings that occur A le琀琀er from our Chief Sustainability O昀케cer: Unintended impacts: Emissions reduction efforts don’t happen in isolation. in the U.S., with an adjusted value for the 5% of electricity savings outside Actions in one industry or sector might result in net new emissions in Photo by Vaughn Ridley/Spo爀琀s昀椀le for Web Summit via Ge琀琀y Images the U.S. 14

Environmental Repo爀琀 2023 Executive Summary Want to learn more about our latest e昀昀o爀琀s? To stay up to date on our news and progress, see our Sustainability blog. Publication date: July 2023